Cab international 2003 distribution maps of plant diseases. Despite its importance, the genetics of pathogenicity are poorly understood. The fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black leaf streak disease blsd or black sigatoka, the most economically important disease of bananas. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, an airborne fungal leafspot disease, is a major constraint. Pdf mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak. Blsd was first described during 1963 from samples collected in the sigatoka valley of viti levu, the largest island in the republic of fiji, and has spread since to most bananaproducing regions worldwide. The black leaf streak caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet and black sigatoka caused by m. Phenylphenalenones, polycyclic aromatic natural products from some monocotyledonous plants, are known as phytoalexins in banana musa spp. In addition, they are resistant to the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus germar and nematodes, the pests of most economic concern in banana production, especially in the lowland areas of. The user has r equested enhancement of the do wnloaded file. Transcriptome sequencing of mycosphaerella fijiensis during. Meredith and lawrence 1969 made a detailed study of. Pdf alteration of resistance to black sigatoka mycosphaerella.
Caused by a fungus ascomycete mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, the losses of yield are up to 50 %, without of resistant cultivars and effective management. Dec 22, 2012 mycosphaerella is a large genus of plant pathogenic fungi, composed of more than 3,000 species. Mycosphaerella is a large genus of plant pathogenic fungi, composed of more than 3,000 species 1. One of the most important species is mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet anamorphic paracercospora fijiensis, a heterothallic ascomycete that causes black sigatoka in bananas. The three pathogens were previously called mycosphaerella. However this has led to fungicide resistance in the field. Currently two fungal diseases have threatened the production of bananas in the world, the black sigatoka, also known as black leaf streak disease blsd caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis morelet and the panama disease caused by. Research article open access abundance, distribution. Fungi have sexual mating types that control the specificity of their reproduction. Sigatoka leaf spot diseases of bananas proceedings of an international workshop held at san jose, costa rica, 28 march1 april 1989, ed.
Black leaf streak disease is challenging the banana industry. Stover, transactions of the british mycological society 67 1. Waller international myeologieal institute, bakeham lane, egham, surrey, uk the occurrence of black leaf streak caused by mycosphaerellafijiensis is reported on a number of. Also known as black leaf streak, it was discovered in 1963 and named for its similarities with yellow sigatoka, which is caused by mycosphaerella musicola mulder, which was itself named after the sigatoka valley in fiji, where an outbreak of this disease reached epidemic.
Mycosphaerella is a large genus of plant pathogenic fungi, composed of more than 3,000 species. Use of pcr for detection of mycosphaerella fijiensis and m. Economic impact, resistance to the disease and integrated management. Pathogenic variability in mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet. Individual strains had consistent but different patterns of pathogenicity on the host set. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it. Competition for space and nutrients, the antagonistic capacity and forms and intensity of antagonism were determined considering the invasion of the. Microbial control of mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet a. Media in category mycosphaerella this category contains only the following file. Between 2011 and 2012, the foliar contents of n, p, k, ca, mg, na, s, cu, fe, b, zn, and mn were determined in sectors with high, medium.
In vitro antagonism of trichoderma harzianum rifai against. An mycosphaerella fijiensis in uska species han fungi in nahilalakip ha divisio nga ascomycota, ngan nga ginhulagway ni michel morelet hadton 1969. Mycosphaerella fijiensis this fungus is the plant pathogen. Symptoms are first visible as faint, minute, reddishbrown specks on the lower surface of the leaf.
The presence of phenols was demonstrated in leaf lesions caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis. Effectively, this foliar disease affects leaf photosynthesis but, above all, reduces the greenlife of fruits, that cannot be exported in cases of severe infestation. To identify additional candidate pathogenicity genes, we compared the. Banana and plantain are constantly exposed to adverse conditions that are affecting their production. Status of fusarium wilt and management strategies in latin. The brownspot fungus mainly attacks pines from central to north america but also in localities from south america, asia, africa and europe.
Although several studies have investigated banana genes involved in defense against m. The fungus was examined by deighton who considered it was a new species. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet sexual phase or paracercospora fijiensis morelet deighton asexual phase, is the main disease affecting the worlds banana culture. The present study evaluated the activities of six fungicides against the mycelial growth by determination of ec 50 values of strains collected from fields with different. An mycosphaerella fijiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga mycosphaerella, ngan familia nga mycosphaerellaceae. This study relative to the level of the disease has been conducted in 12 industrial plantation in 6 production area. Evaluation of plant extracts as an antagonist to mycelial growth of. Microbial control of mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet a notable pathogen of bananas and plantains research pdf available january 2010 with 224 reads how we measure reads.
Pdf black sigatoka of banana mycosphaerella fijiensis. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet a sigatoka negra e considerada a doenca mais destrutiva da cultura da bananeira, tendo como agente causal o fungo mycosphaerella fijiensis var. Recent research on foliage diseases conference proceedings carlisle, pennsylvania, may 29june 2, 1989 1990 20385405028. Aboisso, grand bassam, dabou, agboville, azaguie and tiassale. Genetic analysis of mycosphaerella fijiensis in the. Black sigatoka, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet teleomorph of pseudocercospora fijiensis morelet deighton, is regarded as the most damaging and economically important leaf disease of bananas and plantains worldwide carlier et al. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page leach 1964 found that black leaf streak of bananas was caused by a species of mycosphaerella which had a cercosporalike imperfect state. Previous studies have characterized polyketide pathways with possible roles in pathogenicity. Biological control of banana black sigatoka disease with. Progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease development, and the challenges of control. Currently, the pathogen is present in almost all banana producing regions worldwide 3,4. Pdf the ability of one bacterium and two fungi to inhibit the mycelial growth of mycosphaerella fijiensis was determined in this study. Relationship between the nutritional status of banana. Adaptation of a forecasting system to control black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet in a traditional plantain small holding in panama.
Chemical management in fungicide sensivity of mycosphaerella. Research article open access abundance, distribution and. Cytological study of the interaction between mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet and three cultivars of musa presenting different levels of resistance. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causative agent of the black sigatoka disease of banana, is considered the most economically damaging banana disease. The aim of this study was the molecular characterization of cuban isolates of m. Proceedings of an international workshop held at san jose, costa rica, march 28april 1, 1989 fullerton r. Pdf microbial control of mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet a. This disease was first reported in fiji, an archipelago located in the southeast pacific ocean.
Reevaluating mycosphaerella and allied genera species belonging to the fungal genus mycosphaerella 1884 capnodiales. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet in bananas and plantains. Mycosphaerella fijiensis the banana knowledge platform. Transcriptome sequencing of mycosphaerella fijiensis. Abundance, distribution and potential impact of transposable. The chemical management of the black leaf streak disease in banana caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet requires numerous applications of fungicides per year. Competition for space and nutrients, the antagonistic capacity and forms and intensity of antagonism were determined considering the invasion of the surface of the colony, colonization and sporulation. Jeger natural resources institute, central avenue, chatham maritime, chatham, kent me44tb, u. The fungal pathogen mycosphaerella fijiensis anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis. The in vitro antagonism of trichoderma harzianum against mycosphaerella fijiensis, foliar pathogen of banana and plantain, was evaluated. Of antifungal compounds against mycosphaerella fijiensis. Optimizing the culture conditions of mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet m. In keeping with the one fungus, one name principle adopted in 2011 by the eighteenth international botanical congress melbourne, australia, the name has been changed to pseudocercospora fijiensis. Genetic analysis of mycosphaerella fijiensis in the ugandan.
The sexual cycle plays an important epidemiological role and the mating. This disease has a wide geographical distribution accounting for losses exceeding 50% of global banana production. Black leaf streak mycosphaerella fijiensis in uganda black leaf streak mycosphaerella fijiensis in uganda tushemereirwe, w. Black sigatoka, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet teleomorph of pseudocercospora fijiensis morelet deighton, is regarded as the most damaging. Economic impact and trade implications of the introduction. Black sigatoka is a leafspot disease of banana plants caused by the ascomycete fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet. Dec 19, 2017 mycosphaerella fijiensis is is the former name of the causal agent of black leaf streak. Mycosphaerella fijiensis this fungus is the plant pathogen that causes black sigatoka aka black leaf streak disease of banana musa spp. Phenylphenalenones protect banana plants from infection by. Black leaf streak mycosphaerella fijiensis in uganda. Alteration of resistance to black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet in banana by in vitro irradiation using carbon ionbeam. Incidence and severity of black mycosphaerella fijiensis. New highyield cooking banana cultivars with multiple. One of the most important species is mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet 2 anamorphic paracercospora fijiensis, a heterothallic ascomycete that causes black sigatoka in bananas.
Effects of black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet on bananas and plantains in the imbo plain in rwanda and burundi. Here, the 5monthold, singlespored, pure cultures are growing on 5% v8 juice agar in my lab at the university of hawaii at manoa. Summary of invasiveness top of page brownspot needle blight caused by mycosphaerella dearnessii kills foliage and retards growth of many pine species. The pathogen has a wide host and habitat range and occurs on pines in tropical to temperate zones. Black sigatoka, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis, is considered the most destructive banana disease in brazil and in several other latin american countries senhor et al. Reactive oxygen species and cellular interactions between. The spread of the pathogen to areas where its occurrence was not yet detected is expected to happen in the near future. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen of banana.
Molecular characterization of sexual mating type in cubans. Use of mycosphaerella fijiensis toxins for the selection. Black sigatoka caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet in cuba. Pathogenic variability in mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, cause of.
Effectively, this foliar disease affects leaf photosynthesis but, above all, reduces the greenlife of fruits, that cannot be exported in. Pseudocercospora fijiensis morelet was first detected in the sigatoka valley on the island of fiji in 1963. Morelet deighton 48 is the causal agent of black leaf streak disease. With more than 10,000 species, it is the largest genus of plant pathogen fungi the following introduction about the fungal genus mycosphaerella is copied with permission from the dissertation of w. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is is the former name of the causal agent of black leaf streak. Quantification of phenols in lesions caused by mycosphaerella. Mycosphaerella fijiensis the banana knowledge platform of. Evaluation of plant extracts as an antagonist to mycelial.
Economic impact and trade implications of the introduction of black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis into puerto rico volume 39 issue s1 carmen alamo, edward evans, alba brugueras, sikavas nalampang. The results of our experiments suggest that toxins of mycosphaerella fijiensis would be involved neither in infection initiation, nor in the hypersensitive reaction in highly resistant cultivars but could serve at most as secondary determinant of the pathogenicity, contributing to the lesion expansion in cultivars exhibiting partial resistance to black leaf streak disease. The cultivars are highly resistant to black sigatoka, a fungal disease caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, which was the main breeding target. Economic impact and trade implications of the introduction of. Identification of new hosts of pseudocercospora fijiensis.
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